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高温天气如何预防中暑?自贡市第四人民医院急诊科专家来支招

来源:570.scxinxi.com 更新时间:2026年03月06日

  自贡融媒记者 幸维微 李婷

  近日,自贡市持续高温天气,自贡市第四人民医院急诊科已收治4例中暑患者,所幸救治及时,患者均已转危为安。面对高温挑战,该院急诊科副主任、主任医师江从兵和急诊科副主任医师曾超在接受记者采访时,为市民提供了实用的中暑预防和应对指南。

  “中暑按病情严重程度可分为热痉挛、热衰竭和热射病三种类型。”江从兵医生介绍道,热痉挛多因大量出汗导致体内电解质失衡,引发肌肉抽搐;热衰竭则表现为大量出汗、体温升高、脉搏快、头晕乏力等症状,是机体对热环境适应不良的结果;而热射病作为中暑中最严重的一种,表现为高热、意识障碍,甚至可能危及生命,需要立即就医。

  曾超医生补充道:“中暑初期表现可能包括强烈而持续的头痛、头晕或眩晕、恶心或呕吐、皮肤异常(潮湿或干燥发红)、心跳加快、强烈的口渴、极度疲惫以及注意力不集中等。一旦出现这些症状,市民应立即采取措施,防止病情恶化。”

  如何预防中暑?两位医生表示关键在于做好日常的防护和注意饮食、作息。首先,要充足摄取水分,定期饮水,最好是淡盐水,避免含咖啡因或酒精的饮料;其次,穿着轻便、宽松且透气的浅色调衣物。“同时,合理安排户外活动时间,如需外出,务必做好防晒措施。”曾超医生提醒道,此外,还要保持良好的室内通风,使用空调或风扇降低室温,避免长时间待在炎热环境中;在饮食上,多吃富含水分的水果和蔬菜,减少高脂肪、高热量食物的摄入。

  对于从事户外工作或体育运动的人群,江从兵医生特别指出:“应定期休息并在阴凉处降温。”同时,他也提醒:“老人、儿童及有慢性疾病的人群对高温承受能力较弱,应减少外出和体力活动。”

  若不幸发生中暑,市民应立即采取应急处理措施。如将中暑者迅速转移至阴凉通风处,减少热源影响,可以使用湿毛巾敷身或喷雾器喷水,并开启风扇或空调帮助降温。同时,还可为中暑者提供淡盐水或清凉、含电解质的饮料,帮助恢复体液和盐分平衡。“若中暑者出现意识模糊、持续高烧、昏迷等重症表现,应立即拨打120急救电话或就近送医。”江从兵医生最后强调。

  编辑:郑皓匀

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